Inflation and Deflation
Inflation refers to the general increase in the price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. It indicates that the purchasing power of money is declining, meaning each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services than before. The inflation rate measures the percentage change in the price level over a specific period, typically annually. It reflects how much more expensive a set of goods and services has become compared to a previous period.
Deflation is the opposite of inflation; it denotes a general decrease in the price level, increasing the purchasing power of money. Disinflation refers to a slowdown in the rate of inflation, where prices are still rising but at a slower rate than before.