Free courses with lessons, practice, exams, and calculators.

AP® Calculus AB

AP Calculus AB is the first part of AP Calculus, which focuses on students’ understanding of calculus concepts and provide experience with methods and applications. Through the use of big ideas of calculus (e.g., modeling change, approximation and limits, and analysis of functions), each course becomes a cohesive whole, rather than a collection of unrelated topics. Both courses require students to use definitions and theorems to build arguments and justify conclusions. The courses feature a multirepresentational approach to calculus, with concepts, results, and problems expressed graphically, numerically, analytically, and verbally. Exploring connections among these representations builds understanding of how calculus applies limits to develop important ideas, definitions, formulas, and theorems. A sustained emphasis on clear communication of methods, reasoning, justifications, and conclusions is essential. Teachers and students should regularly use technology to reinforce relationships among functions, to confirm written work, to implement experimentation, and to assist in interpreting results.

AP® Calculus BC

AP Calculus BC is the second part of AP Calculus, which focuses on students’ understanding of calculus concepts and provide experience with methods and applications. Through the use of big ideas of calculus (e.g., modeling change, approximation and limits, and analysis of functions), each course becomes a cohesive whole, rather than a collection of unrelated topics. Both courses require students to use definitions and theorems to build arguments and justify conclusions. The courses feature a multirepresentational approach to calculus, with concepts, results, and problems expressed graphically, numerically, analytically, and verbally. Exploring connections among these representations builds understanding of how calculus applies limits to develop important ideas, definitions, formulas, and theorems. A sustained emphasis on clear communication of methods, reasoning, justifications, and conclusions is essential. Teachers and students should regularly use technology to reinforce relationships among functions, to confirm written work, to implement experimentation, and to assist in interpreting results.

AP® Precalculus

AP Precalculus centers on functions modeling dynamic phenomena. This research-based exploration of functions is designed to better prepare students for college-level calculus and provide grounding for other mathematics and science courses. In this course, students study a broad spectrum of function types that are foundational for careers in mathematics, physics, biology, health science, business, social science, and data science. Furthermore, as AP Precalculus may be the last mathematics course of a student’s secondary education, the course is structured to provide a coherent capstone experience rather than exclusively focusing on preparation for future courses. Throughout this course, students develop and hone symbolic manipulation skills, including solving equations and manipulating expressions, for the many function types throughout the course. Students also learn that functions and their compositions, inverses, and transformations are understood through graphical, numerical, analytical, and verbal representations, which reveal different attributes of the functions and are useful for solving problems in mathematical and applied contexts. In turn, the skills learned in this course are widely applicable to situations that involve quantitative reasoning. AP Precalculus fosters the development of a deep conceptual understanding of functions. Students learn that a function is a mathematical relation that maps a set of input values— the domain—to a set of output values—the range—such that each input value is uniquely mapped to an output value. Students understand functions and their graphs as embodying dynamic covariation of quantities, a key idea in preparing for calculus. With each function type, students develop and validate function models based on the characteristics of a bivariate data set, characteristics of covarying quantities and their relative rates of change, or a set of characteristics such as zeros, asymptotes, and extrema. These models are used to interpolate, extrapolate, and interpret information with different degrees of accuracy for a given context or data set. Additionally, students also learn that every model is subject to assumptions and limitations related to the context. As a result of examining functions from many perspectives, students develop a conceptual understanding not only of specific function types but also of functions in general. This type of understanding helps students to engage with both familiar and novel contexts.

AP® Statistics

The AP Statistics course introduces students to the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. There are four themes evident in the content, skills, and assessment in the AP Statistics course: exploring data, sampling and experimentation, probability and simulation, and statistical inference. Students use technology, investigations, problem solving, and writing as they build conceptual understanding.

IB® Mathematics: Analysis and Approaches

IB® Mathematics: Applications and Interpretation

AIME

The AIME Preparation course is designed to equip students with the mathematical skills and problem-solving strategies necessary to excel on the AIME exam. Covering topics such as advanced number theory, advanced geometry, advanced trigonometry advanced combinatorics, and advanced algebra, students will engage in challenging practice problems and develop critical thinking skills. Through interactive discussions and collaborative activities, learners will build confidence and enhance their ability to approach a variety of mathematical scenarios, preparing them for both the exam and future mathematical endeavors.

AMC 10

The AMC 10 Preparation course is designed to equip students with the mathematical skills and problem-solving strategies necessary to excel on the AMC 10 exam. Covering topics such as number theory, geometry, combinatorics, and basic algebra, students will engage in challenging practice problems and develop critical thinking skills. Through interactive discussions and collaborative activities, learners will build confidence and enhance their ability to approach a variety of mathematical scenarios, preparing them for both the exam and future mathematical endeavors.

AMC 12

The AMC 12 Preparation course is designed to equip students with the mathematical skills and problem-solving strategies necessary to excel on the AMC 12 exam. Covering topics such as number theory, geometry, trigonometry, combinatorics, and basic algebra, students will engage in challenging practice problems and develop critical thinking skills. Through interactive discussions and collaborative activities, learners will build confidence and enhance their ability to approach a variety of mathematical scenarios, preparing them for both the exam and future mathematical endeavors.

AMC 8

The AMC 8 Preparation course is designed to equip students with the mathematical skills and problem-solving strategies necessary to excel on the AMC 8 exam. Covering topics such as number theory, geometry, combinatorics, and basic algebra, students will engage in challenging practice problems and develop critical thinking skills. Through interactive discussions and collaborative activities, learners will build confidence and enhance their ability to approach a variety of mathematical scenarios, preparing them for both the exam and future mathematical endeavors.

BMT (Berkeley Math Tournament)

The Berkeley Math Tournament (BMT) Preparation Course is designed for students aiming to excel in the Berkeley Math Tournament, known for its emphasis on deep problem-solving and proof-based reasoning. Covering advanced topics in number theory, combinatorics, algebra, and geometry, the course emphasizes creative thinking and rigorous logic. Students will explore challenging problems similar to those found in BMT’s Power and Proof rounds, develop clear mathematical writing skills, and collaborate on advanced strategies tailored to the unique structure of the competition.

HMMT (Harvard-MIT Math Tournament)

The Harvard-MIT Math Tournament (HHMT) Preparation Course equips students with the depth and agility needed to thrive in one of the most competitive high school math tournaments in the world. With a curriculum centered around advanced algebra, geometry, combinatorics, and number theory, the course emphasizes both individual and team-based problem-solving. Students will engage with Olympiad-level questions, tackle HMMT-style proof and theme rounds, and build the collaborative and analytical skills crucial for high performance in this elite competition.

Math Prize for Girls

The Math Prize for Girls preparation course equips female students with advanced problem-solving strategies and practice for one of the premier math competitions in North America.

SMT (Stanford Math Tournament)

The Stanford Math Tournament (SMT) Preparation Course prepares students for success in the Stanford Math Tournament, a competition noted for its diverse topics and fast-paced team rounds. This course focuses on sharpening skills in core areas like algebra, geometry, combinatorics, and number theory, while also introducing SMT-specific formats such as the Guts and Team rounds. Through simulated rounds, targeted practice, and strategic group work, students will learn to approach problems efficiently and think flexibly under time pressure.

USAJMO

USAMO

AP® Computer Science A

AP Computer Science A introduces students to computer science through programming. Fundamental topics in this course include the design of solutions to problems, the use of data structures to organize large sets of data, the development and implementation of algorithms to process data and discover new information, the analysis of potential solutions, and the ethical and social implications of computing systems. The course emphasizes object-oriented programming and design using the Java programming language

AP® Computer Science Principles

AP Computer Science Principles introduces students to the breadth of the field of computer science. In this course, students will learn to design and evaluate solutions and apply computer science to solve problems through the development of algorithms and programs. They will incorporate abstraction into programs and use data to discover new knowledge. Students will also explain how computing innovations and computing systems, including the Internet, work, explore their potential impacts, and contribute to a computing culture that is collaborative and ethical. It is important to note that the AP Computer Science Principles course does not have a designated programming language. Teachers have the flexibility to choose a programming language(s) that is most appropriate for their students to use in the classroom

AP® Cybersecurity

AP Cybersecurity is a broad introduction to the field of cybersecurity that aligns closely with a standard first year college introductory cybersecurity course. Students learn about common threats and vulnerabilities and how those combine to create risk. Students study the ways that individuals and organizations manage risk and how risk can be mitigated through a defense in depth strategy. Students explore specific vulnerabilities, attacks, mitigations, and detection measures across a variety of domains including physical spaces, computer networks, devices, and data and applications. Throughout the course, students consider the impact of cybersecurity on individuals, organizations, governments, and societies.

AP® Networking

AP Networking trains students in the field and aligns closely with standard first-year collegiate introductory networking courses. Students explore network hardware, logical and physical configuration, the use of protocols to enable reliable and accurate transmission of data between hosts, and relevant security practices that protect the transmission of data within and between computer networks.

IB® Computer Science

IB® Design Technology

IB® Digital Society

ACSL

The American Computer Science League (ACSL) preparation course is designed to equip students with the fundamental computer science knowledge and programming skills required to excel in the annual ACSL competitions. Through4 distinct contests, students will tackle both theoretical "short answer" problems and practical programming challenges in Python, Java, or C++.

Honors Physics

The Honors Physics course is designed to prepare students for the rigorous challenges of AP Physics 1 and AP Physics 2 by building a strong foundation in the fundamental principles of physics. Students build their understanding of physical models as they explore and solve problems in these content areas: Basics of Physics, Kinematics, Forces, Energy, Momentum, Electricity, Circuits, Waves, and Optics.

AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based

AP Physics 1 is an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course. Students cultivate their understanding of physics by developing models of physical phenomena through inquiry-based investigations. Students build their understanding of physical models as they explore and solve problems in these content areas: Kinematics, Forces and Translational Dynamics, Work, Energy, and Power, Linear Momentum, Torque and Rotational Dynamics, Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems, Oscillations, and Fluids.

AP® Physics 2: Algebra-Based

AP Physics 2 is an algebra-based, introductory college-level physics course. Students cultivate their understanding of physics by developing models of physical phenomena through inquiry-based investigations. Students build their understanding of physical models as they explore and solve problems in these topics: Thermodynamics, Electric Force, Field, and Potential, Electric Circuits, Magnetism and Electromagnetism, Geometric Optics, Waves, Sound, and Physical Optics, and Modern Physics.

AP® Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism

AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism is a calculus-based, introductory college-level physics course in which students cultivate their understanding of physics by developing models of physical phenomena through inquiry-based investigations. Throughout the course, students build a deep understanding of physical models as they explore and solve problems in key topics such as electric charges, electric fields, and Gauss's Law; electric potential; conductors and capacitors; electric circuits; magnetic fields and electromagnetism; and electromagnetic induction.

AP® Physics C: Mechanics

AP Physics C: Mechanics is a calculus-based, introductory college-level physics course. Students cultivate their understanding of physics by developing models of physical phenomena through inquiry-based investigations. Students build their understanding of physical models as they explore and solve problems in these content areas: Kinematics, Forces and Translational Dynamics, Work, Energy, and Power, Linear Momentum, Torque and Rotational Dynamics, Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems, and Oscillations.

IB® Physics

F=ma

Chemistry: Basic

Chemistry Basic is an introductory course designed to introduce students to the fundamental principles of chemistry. The course emphasizes the study of matter, its properties, and the changes it undergoes. Students learn about atomic structure, chemical bonding, reactions, and the periodic table. Through experiments and simple calculations, students gain an understanding of how chemistry applies to the real world.

Honors Chemistry

The Chemistry Honors course is designed to prepare students for the rigorous challenges of AP Chemistry by building a strong foundation in essential chemical principles. Through interactive lessons, virtual labs, and self-paced activities, students will explore topics such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics. Emphasis will be placed on developing problem-solving skills, scientific reasoning, and the ability to analyze and interpret data. By the end of the course, students will be well-equipped with the knowledge and skills necessary to excel in AP Chemistry.

AP® Chemistry

The AP Chemistry course provides students with a college-level foundation to support future advanced coursework in chemistry. Students cultivate their understanding of chemistry through inquiry-based investigations, as they explore content such as: Atomic Structure and Properties, Compound Structure and Properties, Properties of Substances and Mixtures, Chemical Reactions, Kinetics, Thermochemistry, Equilibrium, Acids and Bases, and Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry.

IB® Chemistry

Honors Biology

Honors Biology is a rigorous course that examines the principles of life sciences through an in-depth study of cell biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, and human physiology. Students engage in laboratory experiments, scientific research, and critical analysis to develop a comprehensive understanding of biological systems and their interactions.

AP® Biology

AP Biology is an introductory college-level biology course. Students cultivate their understanding of biology through inquiry-based investigations as they explore the following topics: evolution, cellular processes, energy and communication, genetics, information transfer, ecology, and interactions

AP® Environmental Science

The AP Environmental Science course is designed to engage students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships within the natural world. The course requires that students identify and analyze natural and human-made environmental problems, evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems, and examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing them. Environmental science is interdisciplinary, embracing topics from geology, biology, environmental studies, environmental science, chemistry, and geography

AP® Psychology

The AP Psychology course introduces students to the systematic and scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. While considering the studies that have shaped the field, students explore and apply psychological theories, key concepts, and phenomena associated with major units of study, including biological bases of behavior, cognition, development, learning, social psychology, personality, and mental and physical health. Throughout the course, students apply psychological concepts and employ psychological research methods and data interpretation to evaluate claims, consider evidence, and effectively communicate ideas.

IB® Biology

IB® Environmental Systems and Societies

IB® Psychology

IB® Sports, Exercise and Health Science

AP® Macroeconomics

AP Macroeconomics is a college-level course that introduces students to the principles that apply to an economic system as a whole. The course places particular emphasis on the study of national income and price-level determination. It also develops students’ familiarity with economic performance measures, the financial sector, stabilization policies, economic growth, and international economics. Students learn to use graphs, charts, and data to analyze, describe, and explain economic concepts.

AP® Microeconomics

AP Microeconomics is a college-level course that introduces students to the principles of economics that apply to the functions of individual economic decision-makers. The course also develops students’ familiarity with the operation of product and factor markets, distributions of income, market failure, and the role of government in promoting greater efficiency and equity in the economy. Students learn to use graphs, charts, and data to analyze, describe, and explain economic concepts.

IB® Economics

AP® African American Studies

AP African American Studies is an interdisciplinary course that examines the diversity of African American experiences through direct encounters with varied sources. Students explore key topics that range from early African kingdoms to the ongoing challenges and achievements of the contemporary moment. Given the interdisciplinary nature of African American Studies, students in the course will develop skills across multiple fields, with an emphasis on historical, literary, visual, and data analysis. This course highlights the diversity of Black communities in the United States within the broader context of Africa and the African diaspora.

AP® European History

In AP European History, students investigate significant events, individuals, developments, and processes from approximately 1450 to the present. Students develop and use the same skills, practices, and methods employed by historians: analyzing primary and secondary sources; developing historical arguments; making historical connections; and utilizing reasoning about comparison, causation, and continuity and change over time. The course also provides seven themes that students explore throughout the course in order to make connections among historical developments in different times and places: the interaction of Europe and the world, economic and commercial development, cultural and intellectual development, states and other institutions of power, social organization and development, national and European identity, and technological and scientific innovations.

AP® Human Geography

AP Human Geography introduces students to the systematic study of patterns and processes that have shaped human understanding, use, and alteration of Earth’s surface. Students employ spatial concepts and landscape analysis to examine socioeconomic organization and its environmental consequences. They also learn about the methods and tools geographers use in their research and applications. The curriculum reflects the goals of the National Geography Standards (2012).

AP® US History

In AP U.S. History, students investigate significant events, individuals, developments, and processes in nine historical periods from approximately 1491 to the present. Students develop and use the same skills and methods employed by historians: analyzing primary and secondary sources; developing historical arguments; making historical connections; and utilizing reasoning about comparison, causation, and continuity and change. The course also provides eight themes that students explore throughout the course in order to make connections among historical developments in different times and places: American and national identity; work, exchange, and technology; geography and the environment; migration and settlement; politics and power; America in the world; American and regional culture; and social structures.

AP® World History: Modern

In AP World History: Modern, students explore significant events, individuals, developments, and processes from 1200 to the present. They use the same skills, practices, and methods as historians, including analyzing primary and secondary sources, developing historical arguments, making connections, and applying reasoning related to comparison, causation, and continuity and change over time. The course introduces six key themes that students examine to draw connections between historical developments across different times and places: humans and the environment, cultural developments and interactions, governance, economic systems, social interactions and organization, and technology and innovation.

IB® Geography

IB® History

IB® Philosophy

IB® Social and Cultural Anthropology

IB® World Religions

AP® Comparative Government & Politics

AP Comparative Government and Politics introduces students to the rich diversity of political life outside the United States. The course uses a comparative approach to examine the political structures, policies, and political, economic, and social challenges of six selected countries: China, Iran, Mexico, Nigeria, Russia, and the United Kingdom. Students compare the effectiveness of approaches to many global issues by examining how different governments solve similar problems. They will also engage in disciplinary practices that require them to read and interpret data, make comparisons and applications, and develop evidence-based arguments.

AP® US Government & Politics

AP U.S. Government and Politics provides a college-level, nonpartisan introduction to key political concepts, ideas, institutions, policies, interactions, roles, and behaviors that characterize the constitutional system and political culture of the United States. Students will study U.S. foundational documents, Supreme Court decisions, and other texts and visuals to gain an understanding of the relationships and interactions among political institutions, processes, and behaviors. Underpinning the required content of the course are several big ideas that allow students to create meaningful connections among concepts throughout the course. Students will also engage in skill development that requires them to read and interpret data, make comparisons and applications, and develop evidence-based arguments. In addition, they will complete a political science research or applied civics project.

IB® Global Politics

Honors English

The English Honors course is designed to prepare students for AP Language and Composition through a flexible, self-paced learning experience. Rigorous expert-made lessons guide students through advanced concepts in rhetorical analysis, argumentation, and effective writing strategies. Practice, along with personalized AI help, will help students develop a polished and sophisticated writing style. By the end of the course, students will be well-equipped with the skills and confidence needed to excel in AP Language and beyond.

AP® English Language & Composition

The AP English Language and Composition course focuses on the development and revision of evidence-based analytic and argumentative writing, the rhetorical analysis of nonfiction texts, and the decisions writers make as they compose and revise. Students evaluate, synthesize, and cite research to support their arguments. Additionally, they read and analyze rhetorical elements and their effects in nonfiction texts—including images as forms of text— from a range of disciplines and historical periods.

AP® English Literature & Composition

In the AP English Literature and Composition course students devote themselves to the study of literary works written in or translated into English Careful reading and critical analysis of such works of fiction drama and poetry selected locally by responsible educators provide rich opportunities for students to develop an appreciation of ways literature reflects and comments on a range of experiences institutions and social structures Students will examine the choices literary writers make and the techniques they utilize to achieve purposes and generate meanings

AP® Research

AP Research is the second course in the AP Capstone™ program from the College Board and builds directly on the skills developed in AP Seminar. In this course, students design, plan, and conduct an independent research project on a topic of personal interest. Through sustained inquiry, they apply advanced research methods to collect, analyze, and interpret information with accuracy and precision. AP Research cultivates students’ abilities to think critically, synthesize information from multiple perspectives, and produce and defend a scholarly academic paper and presentation. The course empowers students to engage deeply with a topic that matters to them while refining their skills in disciplined inquiry, communication, and evidence-based argumentation—skills essential for success in college and beyond.

AP® Seminar

AP Seminar is the first course in the AP Capstone™ program from the College Board. In this course, students investigate real-world issues from multiple perspectives, gathering and analyzing information from diverse sources to develop credible and valid evidence-based arguments. Through inquiry and collaboration, students enhance their research, critical thinking, and communication skills. AP Seminar engages students with rigorous, college-level work focused on synthesizing information, evaluating sources, and applying knowledge in new contexts. Students learn to collect and analyze information with accuracy and precision, craft and defend logical arguments, and communicate their ideas effectively through written and oral presentations. Successful completion of AP Seminar and all required assessments is a prerequisite for AP Research and provides the foundational skills needed for independent scholarly inquiry.

Drawing: Basic

Drawing: Basic is an introductory course that immerses students in the fundamental techniques and principles of drawing. Through a variety of exercises focusing on line, shape, form, and perspective, students will develop their observational skills and artistic expression. The course encourages creativity and experimentation with different materials, including pencil, charcoal, and ink. By the end of the course, students will have built a portfolio showcasing their progress and understanding of drawing fundamentals, laying the groundwork for further artistic exploration.

AP® Art History

The AP Art History course welcomes students into the global art world to engage with its forms and content as they research, discuss, read, and write about art, artists, art making, and responses to and interpretations of art. By investigating specific course content of 250 works of art characterized by diverse artistic traditions from prehistory to the present, the students develop in-depth, holistic understanding of the history of art from a global perspective. Students learn and apply skills of visual, contextual, and comparative analysis to engage with a variety of art forms, developing understanding of individual works and interconnections across history

AP® Music Theory

The AP Music Theory course corresponds to one-to-two semesters of typical, introductory college music theory coursework that covers topics such as musicianship, theory, and musical materials and procedures. Musicianship skills, including dictation and listening skills, sightsinging, and harmony, are an important part of the course. Through the course, students develop the ability to recognize, understand, and describe basic materials and processes of tonal music that are heard or presented in a score. Development of aural (listening) skills is a primary objective. Performance is also part of the curriculum through the practice of sight-singing. Students learn basic concepts and terminology by listening to and performing a wide variety of music. Notational skills, speed, and fluency with basic materials are emphasized.

AP® Business with Personal Finance

AP Business with Personal Finance is an introductory, college-level business and personal finance course. Students explore the business disciplines of entrepreneurship, marketing, finance, accounting, and management through real-world business application, case studies, and project-based learning. In addition, students learn and apply all the National Standards for Personal Financial Education created by the Council for Economic Education and the Jump$tart Coalition for Personal Financial Literacy

IB® Business Management

Data Science

Model United Nations (MUN)

Debate: Basic

Debate: Basic is an introductory course that introduces students to the fundamentals of argumentation, public speaking, and critical thinking. Students learn how to construct logical arguments, analyze opposing viewpoints, and present their ideas effectively. The course covers debate formats, research techniques, and persuasive strategies to help students develop confidence in public discourse.

The World Scholar's Cup (WSC)

SAT® Math

SAT Math is a course designed to develop students' problem-solving skills and mathematical reasoning in algebra, geometry, data analysis, and advanced math topics. The course also strengthens students’ ability to interpret and analyze mathematical expressions, solve real-world problems, and apply strategic approaches to different question types. Students learn to use equations, graphs, and logical reasoning to efficiently tackle a variety of math problems.

SAT® Reading and Writing

SAT English is a course that enhances students' reading comprehension, grammar, and writing skills essential for success on the SAT. The course also builds students’ ability to analyze texts, identify rhetorical strategies, and apply grammar rules to improve sentence structure and clarity. Students learn to interpret passages, evaluate arguments, and refine their writing for coherence and effectiveness.

AP® Chinese Language & Culture

The AP Chinese Language and Culture course in Mandarin Chinese emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational skills in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP Chinese Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in Chinese. The AP Chinese Language and Culture course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of cultural products (e.g., tools, books, music, laws, conventions, institutions); practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture); and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions).

AP® French Language & Culture

The AP French Language and Culture course emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational skills in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP French Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in French. The AP French Language and Culture course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of cultural products (e.g., tools, books, music, laws, conventions, institutions), practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture), and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions).

AP® German Language & Culture

The AP German Language and Culture course emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational skills in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP German Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in German. The AP German Language and Culture course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of cultural products (e.g., tools, books, music, laws, conventions, institutions); practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture); and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions).

AP® Italian Language & Culture

The AP Italian Language and Culture course emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational skills in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP Italian Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in Italian. The AP Italian Language and Culture course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of cultural products (e.g., tools, books, music, laws, conventions, institutions), practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture), and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions).

AP® Japanese Language & Culture

The AP Japanese Language and Culture course emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying the interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational modes of communication in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP Japanese Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in Japanese. The course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of social, political, and educational issues (e.g., the role of religion in society, traditional versus modern gender roles), as well as more traditional topics (e.g., arts, customs, festivals, geography, and history). Throughout the course, students develop interpersonal skills that enable them to request and confirm the receipt of information, ask for and provide directions, and issue and respond to invitations. They also develop more cognitively challenging functional language skills, including the ability to compare phenomena, express opinions and preferences, and discuss life experiences. Additionally, students develop a command of a significant number of the most prevalent kanji characters used in Japanese writing.

AP® Latin

The AP Latin course focuses on continued Latin language acquisition, with the inclusion of textual analysis and contextualization skills. The course features selections from two influential works of Latin literature: Vergil’s Aeneid and Pliny the Younger’s Letters. Significant time is also dedicated to the reading of nonsyllabus texts chosen by teachers, as well as four Course Project passages, many of which will extend beyond the authors of the early imperial era of classical Rome. Students will prepare and translate the readings and thus further refine their knowledge of the Latin language. They will also place these texts in a meaningful context, helping them develop their critical, historical, and literary sensitivities. Throughout the course, students will consider the main ideas, effects or purposes, and points of view expressed in these works to gain a deeper understanding of the content and the culture in which they were created.

AP® Spanish Language & Culture

The AP Spanish Language and Culture course emphasizes communication (understanding and being understood by others) by applying interpersonal, interpretive, and presentational skills in real-life situations. This includes vocabulary usage, language control, communication strategies, and cultural awareness. The AP Spanish Language and Culture course strives not to overemphasize grammatical accuracy at the expense of communication. To best facilitate the study of language and culture, the course is taught almost exclusively in Spanish. The AP Spanish Language and Culture course engages students in an exploration of culture in both contemporary and historical contexts. The course develops students’ awareness and appreciation of cultural products (e.g., tools, books, music, laws, conventions, institutions), practices (patterns of social interactions within a culture), and perspectives (values, attitudes, and assumptions).

AP® Spanish Literature & Culture

The AP Spanish Literature and Culture course uses a thematic approach to introduce students to representative texts (short stories, novels, poetry, plays, and essays) from Peninsular Spanish, Latin American, and U. S. Hispanic literature. Students develop proficiencies across the three modes of communication (interpretive, interpersonal, and presentational) in the range of Intermediate High to Advanced Mid of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages’ (ACTFL) Proficiency Guidelines. Through careful examination of the required readings and other texts, students work to hone their critical reading and analytical writing skills. Literature is explored within the contexts of its time and place, and students gain insights on the many voices, historical periods, and cultures represented in the required readings and other texts. The course also includes a strong focus on cultural, artistic, and linguistic connections and comparisons, which is supported by the exploration of various media (art, music, film, articles, and literary criticism).