Components of Language
Language is a shared (mutually agreed upon) system of arbitrary symbols (often expressed as and combined into phonemes, morphemes, and semantics) that are rule-governed (via grammar and syntax) and generative to produce an infinity of ideas. Phonemes are the smallest sound units (the "b" in "bat"). Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning ("un-," "happy," "-ness"). Semantics is the meaning of words and sentences. Grammar is the system of rules. Syntax is how words are arranged into sentences.